[43], When Flagler's first wife Mary (ne Harkness) fell sick, his physician recommended they travel to Jacksonville for the winter to escape the brutal conditions of the North. [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. Chandler, David Leon. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. Welcome to Ms. Collins, Ms. Bellino, and Ms. King's 4th grade history virtual fieldtrip! The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. Flagler and Rockefeller finally gave up their dream of controlling all the world's oil refining. For the train, see, Alleged use of convict leasing and debt peonage, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, Joe Knetsch, "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes: Online Sunshine", "Slavery Revisited: Peonage in the South", "How slave labor built the state of Florida decades after the Civil War", "Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol II", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1125174074, Jennie Louise (March 18, 1855 March 25, 1889), Knetsch, Joe. [28], Even though 85% of world crude production was still coming from Pennsylvania wells in the 1880s, overseas drilling in Russia and Asia began to reach the world market. Visually exquisite, the Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church was built by Henry Flagler in 1889. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. These included, among many others, Continental Oil, which became Conoco, now part of ConocoPhillips; Standard of Indiana, which became Amoco, now part of BP; Standard of California, which became Chevron; Standard of New Jersey, which became Esso (and later, Exxon), now part of ExxonMobil; Standard of New York, which became Mobil, now part of ExxonMobil; and Standard of Ohio, which became Sohio, now part of BP. [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. The church was dedicated in March 1890. He was best known for being a Entrepreneur. This project sparked Flagler's interest in creating a new "American Riviera." Flagler engaged Thomas Hastings and Jean Carrere of the Carrere & Hastings architectural firm to design the hotel. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." Captain of the submarine USS Watertown (SSN-696) who reluctantly helps Harm and Mac with investigations involving a boat he commanded. [30] Additional fields were discovered in Burma and Java. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. The hotel, the Ponce de Leon, was a success. It is one of his most significant projects, because it was constructed as a memorial to Flagler's only daughter, Jenny. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife. In a few years, it seems he embraced the life of a wealthy widower. In the springtime of 1870, Mary Harkness Flagler even became pregnant with the couple's third child (the aforementioned Henry "Harry" Flagler). Flagler's affiliation with the Harkness family would have a fortuitous effect upon his future. [37], When Flagler envisioned successes in the oil industry, he and Rockefeller started building their fortune in refining oil in Cleveland, Ohio. As he grew older, he became determined to never be poor again. Day 2 - Flagler Legacy Tour - Flagler's Churches - St. Augustine Distillery - Dinner at Ice Plant Bar This morning after breakfast, meet your local guide for a Flagler Legacy Tour. [41] The history of American oil refining begins with Flagler and Rockefeller, as they built the biggest, most prosperous and monopolizing oil empire of their time: Standard Oil. An immense engineering effort was required to cut through the wilderness and marsh from St. Augustine to Palm Beach. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. After construction for the Ponce de Leon and the Alcazar were underway in St. Augustine, Flagler's railroad properties started to expand southwards. His parents were very poor and struggled to feed their family. The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. Pennsylvania revoked the cartel's charter, and non-preferential rates were restored for the time being. [51] In 1901, Flagler bribed the Florida Legislature and Governor to pass a law that made incurable insanity grounds for divorce, opening the way for Flagler to remarry. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. [39] According to Allan Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller (p 292), "Standard Oil was born as a big enterprise, it had cut its teeth as a partnership and was now ready to plunge forward into a period of greater expansion and development. A railroad and oil magnate who laid claim to Florida's east coast. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. After her husband died, Julia and her children returned to Ft. Dallas and purchased 640 acres on the north shore of the Miami River. Henry Flagler: A Man of Big Dreams Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. Ida. "[55], Flagler allegedly used convicts leased from Florida prison camps, the majority of them African-American, to clear land for the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami and to build the Florida East Coast Railway from West Palm Beach to Miami and the rail extension to Key West. Graham, Thomas. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. The committee ultimately discovered the previously unknown scope of Standard Oil's business interests. To add to the sting, Henry 'Harry' Flagler was generally known as Harry Harkness, showing more deference for his mother than his father. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. The Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler partnership was formed with Flagler in control of Harkness' interest. 1-17. His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. When asked by the president of Rollins College in Winter Park about his philanthropic efforts, Flagler reportedly replied, "I believe this state is the easiest place for many men to gain a living. After two years of institutionalization and much assessment by the courts, Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was legally ruled incurably insane in 1899. St. Augustine, Florida So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. That year he reportedly gave her more than $1 million in jewelry. Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. "How Slave Labor Built the State of Florida Decades After the Civil War." In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. "Henry M. Flagler's Hotel Ponce de Len.". [citation needed], The Overseas Railroad, also known as the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway, was heavily damaged and partially destroyed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. In the case of Henry Flagler's life, it seems his personal troubles compounded in the 1890s. VisitStAugustine.com. [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. The railroad was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the State of Florida, which built the Overseas Highway to Key West, using much of the remaining railway infrastructure. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. Cutthroat Cruel business man. 101 - 123). As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. Though Henry Flagler didn't join in on the war, it certainly affected his career choices. Was Colonel Henry Ostrom's first wife Elizabeth FLAGLER? [33] Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. My 4th great-grandmother, Elizabeth Howes, married (1) William Jones (my ancestor) and (2nd) Colonel Henry Ostrom, of Pleasant Valley & Patterson, Dutchess County, NY. In 1853, Flagler married Mary Harkness, the daughter of Lamon Harkness - owner of the general store where he was formerly employed. A major New York refiner, Charles Pratt and Company, headed by Charles Pratt and Henry H. Rogers, led the opposition to this plan, and railroads soon backed off. Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. The Washington Post. Dazzled by the prospect of tremendous wealth and supported by his father-in-law, Flagler followed the smell of money to Michigan. 0:58. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was a United States tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer and Rockefeller partner in Standard Oil. [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. 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